Preserving the Past, Building the Future: Refurbishing the IBM Building

The iconic IBM Building, a hallmark of brutalist architecture on London’s South Bank, is undergoing a remarkable transformation. Originally completed in 1983 and designed by Sir Denys Lasdun, the building is known for its stark lines, exposed concrete, and imposing mass—characteristics that both attract admiration and evoke criticism. Now, decades later, the building is being revitalized to meet modern standards of sustainability and functionality, while still retaining its architectural essence.

The renovation project at 76 Upper Ground is ambitious, aiming to preserve 80% of the existing structure while significantly enhancing its utility and sustainability. The original building, which covers 20,000 square meters over five floors, is being expanded by an additional 11,000 square meters through extended floor slabs and a new sixth storey. This expansion is supported by an intricate network of 300 new mini piles and 216 strengthened existing columns, ensuring the building can bear the increased load.

The project also involved the meticulous demolition of outdated structures, including the ramp and former lobby, and the addition of new concrete cores. These cores, built in former lightwells, house modern utilities and a new lift shaft, demonstrating how old and new can be seamlessly integrated. The construction process was carefully managed to minimize disruption to the neighboring National Theatre, with noisy work strategically avoided during matinee performances.

Sustainability is at the heart of this renovation. The project aims to achieve BREEAM Outstanding certification for the office space and Excellent for retail space, along with a WELL v2 Gold rating and a NABERS five-star rating. One of the key strategies for reducing the building’s carbon footprint is the extensive use of ground granulated blast slag (GGBS), a byproduct of steel production. GGBS replaces a significant portion of the cement in the new concrete columns, contributing to substantial CO2 savings.

The reuse of materials has also played a crucial role in the building's green credentials. More than 4,000 cubic meters of concrete were reused in the construction, and over 210,000 kilograms of CO2 emissions were saved by salvaging and reusing pre-cast concrete, granite cladding panels, floor tiles, and bricks. These efforts not only conserve resources but also maintain the building’s historical integrity.

The project also embraces modern construction techniques like prefabrication, which enhances efficiency and safety. Prefabricated electrical risers, washroom pods, and other components reduce on-site construction time and the potential for accidents, further aligning the project with its sustainability goals.

As the IBM building enters a new era, it stands as a testament to how historical structures can be adapted to meet contemporary needs without losing their original charm. The transformation of this brutalist landmark into a sustainable, modern workspace is a significant achievement, reflecting the growing trend towards environmentally conscious architecture.